which is the paradox of the necessity and importance of human society as a vital need for its survival and the continuity of its existence. On the other hand, this paradox contains an element of competition and conflict resulting from the presence of the other in the same temporal and spatial space. This double paradox has led to multiple philosophical visions to resolve this complex conflict, and to find a system can provide a path, in which mankind can coexist with all cultural, ethnic and civilizational differences.
to reveal the theoretical roots of the foreign policy of the United States of America, which took the form of wars in its contemporary history. It dealt with the most important political thinkers and philosophers, namely "Leo Strauss" and his political theory, which is based on the necessity of preserving the glory of the rising nation, America, through a philosophical system, which was founded on the rule of the elite, and the necessity of returning the political to the field of values. But this call for values was not for a moral reason, but for a pragmatic reason, which is: Values and religion are what most influence the public. Thus, values become the new tool of domination, carried by what he called noble lies, which took on an embodied form in the theories of both Samuel Huntington and his thesis "The Clash of Civilizations", and "Francis Fukuyama" with his thesis "The End of History", and the controversy that each of these theories has been subject to has established their presence in the applied political scene, where they have been picked up by political groups that have changed and emerged in American policy-making spaces, promoting the concept of war as the most effective tool for the continuation of America's glory, without taking into account the number of victims and the amount of destruction outside America's borders.
This research has strongly highlighted the wars launched by the American administration during the era of George W. Bush, under a religious cover, under the pretext of spreading chaos and wars, which should be ignited in order to accelerate the second coming of Christ.
Under the name of Christian Zionism, this movement began in Europe, but later spread strongly in the United States of America. This idea was previously employed to promote the return of the Jews to their alleged land. In any case, Christian Zionism represented a trend that was not far from violent terrorist trends, even if they were in the form of governments, and formed a terrorist ideology with a religious cover.
The war lasted four years, and ultimately resulted in the victory of the Federal Union in the North, and the loss of the Confederate states in the South. However, the human losses, suffered by both sides, were so severe that they exceeded the losses of the United States' wars together. The number of dead, on both sides, was estimated at 750 thousand, not to mention the economic losses incurred by the two warring parties, especially in the southern states.
The issue of the American Civil War is still very present in the American mind. What is striking is that current American society has become more accepting and expectant of war than ever before. Polls show that most Americans believe that deep divisions have worsened, since the beginning of 2021. Two in five Americans believe that a civil war is likely in the next decade.
and the terrifying negative role of this catastrophe. The research also followed the historical analytical approach, as it shows that the bombs were the first use of nuclear weapons in war, with the profound impact they caused on the world, and negatively affected all of humanity. We can learn important lessons from the dropping of the two atomic bombs.
On the other hand, the research stressed the need to enhance international cooperation to prevent the outbreak of wars and conflicts, spread peace and tolerance, develop means of peace, promoting education and human rights, and the importance of protecting the environment.
This war was in Vietnam, waged by America as a superpower, still celebrating its magnificent and decisive victory over the Axis powers in World War II. But, fate willed that the conflict would come out with a humiliating defeat, and great material and human losses that shocked the entire world - especially the American interior - which became more skeptical than ever about the competence of its leadership, and the truth of its claims.
The Vietnam War was the longest and most debilitating war in American history, and the only war the United States ever lost. The war had far-reaching and profound consequences for most aspects of American life, from the economy, to culture, to domestic and foreign policy.
Although the American intervention came under some slogans, such as establishing democracy, human rights, and ridding Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, rather, the US-led invasion actually brought nothing to Iraq but chaos, violence, death, and all forms of destruction.
The war has depleted Iraq's resources, and plunged it into several stifling crises that paved the way for its destruction. Iraq is the country that posed a strategic threat to the interests of the United States and its ally Israel, and the war made sectarian tensions, between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, as fuel for political division, violence and extremism. This systematic destruction led to serious divisions in Iraqi society, and terrorist attacks became a daily routine, paralyzing life in Iraq and destroying all forms of growth and development, and Iraq is still suffering from the consequences of American intervention to this day.
where it had borders adjacent to the British expansion areas in the south, and also to the Russian expansion areas in the north. This privileged location made it vulnerable to British and Russian invasion. The ordinary Afghans bore all the negative effects of the repeated foreign invasion of their country. After the attack on the United States of America on September 11, 2001, America launched a fierce war against Afghanistan - under false pretenses and misleading claims - calling its war against Afghanistan the "War on Terror". America has developed its brutal wars to a frightening extent, turning from wars on terror into “terrorist wars” waged against all countries hostile to it and opposed to its aggressive policies. America has committed brutal crimes against Afghan civilians, and used internationally banned weapons to kill people and destroy the environment. The American invasion of Afghanistan has led to the collapse of the Afghan economy.
which used extremely brutal methods in its war on the indigenous population (the Red Indians), Japan, Vietnam, and Iraq using internationally prohibited weapons. America is the only country in human history that used nuclear weapons in its conflict with Japan. It occupied Vietnam and used chemical and biological weapons on its people. They occupied Iraq and used weapons, cluster bombs, and other depleted uranium weapons.
This research also addresses the various effects of the use of internationally prohibited weapons of all kinds, nuclear, chemical, and biological, on humans, the environment, and the economy of the occupying state during destructive wars.
The article focuses on the torture methods used in the American black sites, especially in the prisons of "Guantanamo" and "Abu Ghraib", and presents evidence and examples of these violations and atrocities, as witnesses of convicted American soldiers. t also presents some witnesses of former detainees in these black sites. In general, the article compares between the American falsehoods and lies claims, and the shocking facts.
justify its blatant aggression, and its use of weapons of mass destruction and internationally prohibited weapons, under the pretext of spreading peace and democracy, and preserving human rights. But in reality, it does not go beyond controlling peoples' capabilities, plundering their wealth, and controlling resources. All the titles it presented, regarding international peace, are nothing but flashy titles for purely economic and material goals.
The research also presented an overview of the role of the resistance media in exposing American deception and lies, and the pressures it was subjected to, especially in our Arab region.
through which it has achieved hegemony.
American hegemony over the peoples of the world has taken many forms, including military, economic, and cultural. Therefore, in this research, we will discuss the wars that the United States has fought, since declaring its independence, with the aim of occupying more lands, and expanding its influence, whether directly or by proxy, in various parts of the world, including the West Asia region, to discuss the most prominent human losses left by those wars.
Despite the recent development of these weapons, and despite the obstacles that hinder the regulation of their use in international law and the law of armed conflict, the rules of jihad jurisprudence control the use of these war tools, especially weapons of mass destruction, and specifically nuclear weapons. However, it should be noted that comparing the law of war and the jurisprudence of jihad is not an easy matter, and cannot be limited to comparing the rules of international humanitarian law (jus in bello) with the controls of warfare in Islam.
Islam is strongly concerned with the origin of the legitimacy of war (jus ad bellum) and the specifications of the ruler who carries it out, which is somewhat exceeded by legislators in international law, since most of today's wars are aggressive. Weapons are developing significantly in this era, and it is clear that they are the locomotive of modern technological progress. This requires expanding research into new types of weapons, in the age of artificial intelligence, drones, automation, and others. The seriousness of these contemporary uses of military technology requires strict control over them, which should lead to the development of the jurisprudence of jihad to the new substantiations.
The basis that govern the treatment of prisoners - which are three: mercy, dignity, and justice - reflect the extent of Islam's commitment to human rights, within an integrated methodological vision, and a global approach that transcends the boundaries of time and place.
Identifying some of these rights, which Islam has implemented, is necessary and important to know the humanity of Islamic legislation, and to benefit from this approach to apply it on the ground.
The purpose of this research is to identify the rights of prisoners in Islam, compare them with international laws, especially the Geneva Convention, and demonstrate the precedence, comprehensiveness, and divine nature of the Islamic approach in this field. We believe that Islam has provided a model to be emulated in the field of dealing with prisoners, which can be a source of inspiration for modern societies, and positive laws in the field of human rights care, including the rights of prisoners. We have adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, in addition to the comparative approach.
This dialogue takes place between two influential and active figures, the American Jewish thinker and critic, "Naomi Chomsky", and the political analyst and investigative journalist, "Andre Vltchek". This dialogue is critical par excellence, in which they try to reveal some secrets and information about the empire of the United States of America and Europe. The most important thing that their discussion reached is that American power is no longer what it was. It may continue its criminal policies, but in new and different ways, more advanced and technical in all respects.
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