Freedom, Sovereignty: Conflict Roots between Individual, State in Political Philosophy

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This research paper aims at highlighting the tension caused by the postmodern era by tracing the shift of humans from being subjects under religious authority in the Middle Ages, to free individuals seeking to establish independent existence through reason.

 This independence led to the emergence of various forms of intellectual and social servitude that accompanied the development of societies, indicating that despite its rational aspirations, modernity has resulted in new crises.

In this context, we chose to address the crisis of justice and freedom, by discussing Robert Nozick’s project on the "Minimal State" that protects individual rights without moral transgressions or violations of rights, and Amartya Sen's project, which sees freedom as essential for development and achieving justice, with the capabilities approach as a means to empower individuals.

We also clarify the position of Alija Izetbegović, viewing it as an attempt to overcome the crisis of justice and ethics through a framework that integrates religion and ethics, rejecting a legal system based solely on interests. The paper concludes that true justice can only be built on religious and ethical foundations that preserve human dignity and free individuals from all forms of enslavement.

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Oumam magazine, for Human and Social studies, is a peer-reviewed quarterly scientific periodical, issued by "Baratha Center in Beirut and Bagdad. It is concerned with criticizing Western visions of humanity and society in various fields . on the other hand, rooting them from a rational standpoint, that is consistent with the requirements of human nature, and with the original metaphysical cosmic vision of human society.The magazine aims to confront the Western intellectual challenges imposed by the West on our Arab and Islamic societies, through:
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