It begins by analysing the concept of certainty in classical philosophy, where truth rested on a balance between reason and existence, before tracing the modern shift that established reason as both the foundation and guarantor of knowledge. It also demonstrates that this shift introduced an internal tension into knowledge, as reason became required to psyche-justify the conditions of its own validity. With the evolution of philosophical critique, skepticism transformed from a tool for examining knowledge into an established epistemological structure; meanwhile, the notion of absolute truth receded in favour of diverse modes of understanding governed by the conditions of discourse and meaning.
The research concludes that what collapsed within the Western experience was a specific mode of certainty, one predicated on the assumption of reason's psyche-sufficiency, rather than the possibility of truth itself, thereby affirming that this trajectory reflects a particular historical experience rather than a universal law of human thought.
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